Can you keep coyotes out of your yard? Yes, you can deter coyotes from your yard through a combination of removing attractants, using physical barriers, employing deterrents, and practicing consistent hazing techniques. Keeping coyotes away requires vigilance and a multi-pronged approach.
Coyotes are adaptable creatures, and their presence in suburban and urban environments is becoming increasingly common. While fascinating to observe from a distance, their proximity can pose risks to pets, small livestock, and even human safety in rare instances. Securing your yard from coyotes is not about eradication but about coexisting safely and protecting your domestic animal safety from coyotes. This involves understanding their habits and implementing strategies that make your property less appealing and more challenging for them to access.
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Why Coyotes Visit Yards
Coyotes are opportunistic omnivores. Their primary attractants in residential areas are readily available food sources and safe shelter.
Food Sources
- Trash: Unsecured garbage cans are a goldmine for coyotes. The scent of food waste easily draws them in.
- Pet Food: Leaving pet food outdoors, whether for dogs, cats, or other animals, is a direct invitation.
- Bird Feeders: Spilled seeds and suet can attract rodents, which in turn attract coyotes.
- Fallen Fruit and Berries: Ripe or fallen fruit from trees and bushes provides a natural food source.
- Rodents and Rabbits: Yards that harbor populations of mice, voles, squirrels, and rabbits can attract coyotes as a hunting ground.
- Compost Piles: Uncovered or improperly managed compost can contain food scraps that appeal to them.
Shelter and Water
- Dense Vegetation: Overgrown bushes, shrubs, and tall grasses offer hiding places and potential denning sites.
- Under Decks and Sheds: These spaces provide protection from the elements and predators.
- Accessible Water Sources: Bird baths, pet water bowls, and even leaky faucets can attract coyotes, especially during dry periods.
Proven Strategies for Keeping Coyotes Away
Effectively deterring coyotes involves a holistic approach. It’s about making your yard less hospitable and signaling that it’s not a safe or rewarding place for them.
Removing Attractants: The First Line of Defense
The most crucial step in keeping coyotes away is to eliminate what draws them in.
Secure Your Trash
- Use Heavy-Duty Cans: Opt for sturdy metal or heavy plastic trash cans with tight-fitting lids.
- Secure Lids: Use bungee cords or locking mechanisms to keep lids firmly shut.
- Regular Pickups: Ensure trash is put out on collection day, not the night before, if possible.
- Clean Cans: Rinse trash cans periodically to reduce lingering odors.
Manage Pet Food and Water
- Feed Pets Indoors: Never leave pet food or water bowls outside overnight.
- Clean Up Spills: Promptly clean up any spilled pet food.
- Supervise Outdoor Pets: Always supervise pets when they are outdoors, especially at dawn and dusk when coyotes are most active.
Bird Feeder Management
- Clean Up Spills: Regularly sweep up spilled birdseed around feeders.
- Consider Feeder Type: Use feeders that minimize seed spillage.
- Timing: Consider taking feeders down during periods of high coyote activity.
Yard Maintenance
- Clear Fallen Fruit: Collect fallen fruit from trees and berry bushes promptly.
- Manage Compost: Ensure compost piles are contained and turned regularly. Avoid adding meat scraps or dairy products.
- Control Rodent Populations: Implement rodent control measures if you notice a significant increase in mice or voles.
Physical Barriers: Building a Protective Perimeter
Physical barriers are highly effective deterrents for coyotes, preventing them from entering your yard in the first place.
Coyote Proof Fencing
The most robust solution is installing specialized fencing designed to keep coyotes out.
- Height: Fences should be at least 6 feet tall. Coyotes can jump, but a higher barrier is more intimidating.
- Material: Woven wire or chain-link fencing is generally effective. Ensure it’s sturdy and has small enough mesh to prevent them from squeezing through.
- Below Ground: Bury the bottom of the fence at least 12 inches deep or extend it outward at ground level in an “L” shape. This prevents coyotes from digging underneath.
- No Gaps: Regularly inspect your fence for any holes or gaps and repair them immediately.
- Lean-In: For added security, consider extending the top of the fence outward at a 45-degree angle, facing away from your yard. This makes it harder for them to climb over.
Table: Coyote Proof Fencing Considerations
| Feature | Recommendation | Why it Matters |
|---|---|---|
| Height | Minimum 6 feet | Discourages jumping. |
| Mesh Size | Small enough to prevent squeezing through. | Prevents entry for smaller or young coyotes. |
| Burial Depth | 12 inches minimum, or outward L-shape. | Prevents digging underneath. |
| Material | Sturdy woven wire, chain-link. | Durability and resistance to bending. |
| Extension | Optional: Outward lean at top (45 degrees). | Makes climbing over more difficult. |
| Gate Security | Self-closing, latching gates. Keep closed. | Gates are common entry points if left open. |
Securing Other Entry Points
- Gates: Ensure all gates are sturdy, self-closing, and have secure latches. Keep them closed at all times.
- Gaps in Structures: Seal any gaps or openings under decks, porches, sheds, or other outdoor structures where coyotes might seek shelter or den.
Deterrents for Coyotes: Making Your Yard Uninviting
Various deterrents can make your yard a less appealing place for coyotes. These often work best when used in conjunction with other methods.
Noise and Visual Deterrents
- Motion-Activated Sprinklers: A sudden burst of water can startle coyotes and is a highly effective deterrent.
- Motion-Activated Lights: Bright, flashing lights can disorient and scare them away.
- Ultrasonic Devices: These emit high-frequency sounds that are inaudible to humans but can be unpleasant for coyotes. Their effectiveness can vary, and coyotes may eventually habituate to them.
- Radios: Leaving a radio on a talk station can mimic human presence and deter them.
Scent Deterrents
- Ammonia-Soaked Rags: Place rags soaked in ammonia near common entry points or areas where coyotes have been sighted. The strong smell can be offensive to them.
- Predator Urine: Urine from predators like coyotes, wolves, or bobcats can signal the presence of competition and deter coyotes. Available commercially.
- Mothballs: While sometimes suggested, mothballs are toxic and can harm pets and wildlife. Their use is generally discouraged due to environmental and health concerns.
- Commercial Coyote Repellents: Several commercially available coyote repellents use scent or taste deterrents. Always follow product instructions carefully.
Natural Coyote Deterrents
Many natural methods can be employed to keep coyotes at bay without the use of harsh chemicals.
- Regular Human Presence: Yards that are frequently used by people and pets are less attractive to coyotes.
- Dogs: The presence of a dog, particularly a vocal one, can deter coyotes, as they often see dogs as potential competitors or threats. However, smaller dogs are vulnerable, so supervision is crucial.
- Loud Noises: Regularly making loud noises when you see a coyote can help.
Coyote Hazing Techniques: Active Deterrence
Hazing is about startling coyotes and teaching them that humans and their presence are not to be tolerated. This is crucial for coyote behavior modification.
What is Hazing?
Hazing involves using sudden, loud noises and potentially startling movements to scare coyotes away. The goal is to create a negative association with your property.
Effective Hazing Methods
- Make Noise:
- Bang pots and pans together.
- Yell loudly.
- Use an air horn.
- Make Yourself Appear Larger:
- Wave your arms.
- Open your jacket or umbrella.
- Throw Objects (Not at the Coyote):
- Throw a soft object like a tennis ball or a beanbag in the coyote’s general direction. The goal is to startle, not harm. Avoid throwing anything hard that could cause injury.
- Water Sprays:
- A hose or a motion-activated sprinkler can be very effective.
- Consistency is Key: Hazing works best when done consistently every time you see a coyote or signs of their presence.
Coyote Behavior Modification Through Hazing
The process of hazing aims to modify coyote behavior by teaching them that human-occupied areas are not safe or rewarding. This prevents them from becoming habituated to humans and residential environments.
- Startle, Don’t Threaten: The intention is to scare them off, not to corner or attack them. This reduces the risk of a defensive response.
- Reinforce Human Dominance: Consistent hazing sends a clear message that humans are in control of the space.
- When to Avoid Hazing: Never haze a coyote that is already cornered, trapped, or appears sick or injured. In such cases, contact your local animal control or wildlife agency.
Protecting Pets and Small Livestock
Domestic animal safety from coyotes is a significant concern for many homeowners.
Protecting Dogs
- Supervision: Never leave dogs unattended outdoors, especially during dawn and dusk.
- Secure Enclosures: If you have a fenced yard, ensure it is coyote-proof (see fencing section). Even then, supervised play is recommended.
- Leash Walking: Always keep dogs on a leash when walking them, even in familiar areas.
Protecting Cats
- Keep Indoors: The safest approach is to keep cats indoors or in a secure outdoor enclosure (like a “catio”).
- Never Let Roam: Allowing cats to roam freely makes them vulnerable to coyotes and other predators.
Protecting Small Livestock (Chickens, Rabbits, etc.)
- Secure Coops/Cages: Use strong, predator-proof enclosures.
- Hardware Cloth: Use 1/2-inch or 1/4-inch hardware cloth for coop walls and floors, not chicken wire, which coyotes can tear or push through.
- Buried Flooring: Bury the enclosure floor or extend hardware cloth underground to prevent digging.
- Secure Latches: Use carabiners or other secure latches that coyotes cannot easily open.
- Predator Guards: Install predator guards on the roof and sides of enclosures.
- Nighttime Security: Always lock livestock securely inside their shelters at night.
Long-Term Coexistence and Safety
Deterring coyotes is an ongoing process. By consistently applying these methods, you can create a safer environment for your family and pets.
What to Do if You See a Coyote
If you encounter a coyote in your yard:
- Stay Calm: Do not approach the coyote.
- Make Noise: Bang pots, yell, or use an air horn.
- Appear Larger: Wave your arms or open a jacket.
- Do Not Feed: Never attempt to feed a coyote.
- Secure Pets: Bring pets indoors immediately.
- Report Sightings: If coyotes are frequently visiting or exhibiting bold behavior, report it to your local animal control or wildlife agency.
When to Contact Professionals
- If coyotes show no fear of humans or exhibit aggressive behavior.
- If coyotes are repeatedly getting into secure enclosures.
- If you suspect a coyote is sick or injured.
- If you are having persistent problems despite implementing deterrents.
Your local wildlife agency or animal control can provide specific advice and resources for your area.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q1: Will a dog scare away a coyote?
A1: Yes, the presence of a dog can often deter coyotes, as they may perceive dogs as competitors or threats. However, it’s crucial to supervise your dog, especially smaller breeds, as coyotes can prey on them.
Q2: Can coyotes dig under fences?
A2: Yes, coyotes are skilled diggers. To prevent this, fences should be buried at least 12 inches deep or have an L-shaped extension buried underground facing away from your yard.
Q3: Are ultrasonic devices effective for deterring coyotes?
A3: The effectiveness of ultrasonic devices can vary. While they can be a deterrent initially, coyotes may eventually habituate to the sounds. They are often more effective when used in conjunction with other methods.
Q4: What is the best way to secure trash from coyotes?
A4: The best way is to use heavy-duty trash cans with tight-fitting lids that can be secured with bungee cords or locking mechanisms. Ensure trash is put out on collection day and clean cans regularly to reduce odors.
Q5: Is it safe to keep chickens if I live in an area with coyotes?
A5: It is possible, but requires extreme caution and robust security measures. Coops must be made of strong materials like hardware cloth (not chicken wire), be buried underground to prevent digging, and have secure, locking latches. Always lock chickens in their secure shelter at night.
Q6: Should I remove bird feeders if coyotes are present?
A6: Bird feeders can attract rodents and other small animals that coyotes prey on, indirectly drawing them to your yard. It’s advisable to clean up spilled seed promptly and consider removing feeders during periods of high coyote activity or if you are having persistent issues.
Q7: What are some natural coyote deterrents?
A7: Natural deterrents include maintaining a clean yard free of attractants, using motion-activated sprinklers or lights, maintaining regular human presence, and employing loud noises or startling actions (hazing) when a coyote is sighted.
Q8: How do I protect my cat from coyotes?
A8: The safest way to protect your cat is to keep it indoors or in a secure outdoor enclosure like a “catio.” Allowing cats to roam freely makes them highly vulnerable.
Q9: What is coyote behavior modification?
A9: Coyote behavior modification, often achieved through hazing, involves using consistent, startling methods to teach coyotes that human environments are not safe or rewarding. This aims to prevent them from becoming habituated and bold around people and pets.
Q10: What should I do if a coyote seems unafraid of me?
A10: If a coyote exhibits no fear of humans or appears aggressive, it’s important to not approach it. Make loud noises and appear larger from a safe distance. Immediately contact your local animal control or wildlife agency to report the behavior.